Penelitian Terhadap Metode Akidah Al-Qaradawi Berkenaan Sifat Khabariyyah

A Study on Al-Qaradawi's Method of Belief Regarding the Nature of Khabariyyah

Abstract

Al-Qaradawi, an influential Islamic scholar in the Muslim world, made valuable contributions to da’wah within the Muslim community. One area he addressed was Islamic creed (‘aqidah), particularly the methodology of the sifat khabariyyah (scriptural attributes of God), which remains a subject of disagreement among Muslims today. Al-Qaradawi believed that differences of opinion would continue to exist; however, such differences should not undermine the unity of faith among Muslims.The objective of this study is to evaluate al-Qaradawi’s theological methodology regarding the sifat khabariyyah, particularly the contrast between the Salafi school’s method of ithbat and the Khalaf school’s methods of ta’wil and tafwid. This study employs a qualitative approach using a content analysis research design, analyzing documented materials such as magazines, books, journals, written reports, and websites. The findings reveal that al-Qaradawi adopted both the methods of ithbat and ta’wil in addressing the issue of sifat khabariyyah, while also acknowledging that the creed methodology embraced all three approaches: ithbat, ta’wil, and tafwid. Al-Qaradawi further argued that these three theological approaches, represented today by the Salafi and Khalaf schools, fall within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. Therefore, al-Qaradawi strongly emphasized the importance of ummah unity among Muslims and rejected excessive fanaticism, as all three methods still belong to the tradition of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. It is hoped that this study will help ease theological disputes concerning the methods of ithbat, ta’wil, and tafwid through al-Qaradawi’s moderate approach, in line with the teachings of Islam.

Al-Qaradawi sebagai seorang tokoh ulama berpengaruh di dunia telah memberikan sumbangan dakwah yang bernilai kepada umat Islam. Antara bidang dakwah yang disantuninya ialah akidah Islam dalam mengupas tentang metode sifat khabariyyah seperti yang diperselisihkan oleh umat Islam hari ini. Al-Qaradawi percaya bahawa perselisihan pendapat akan tetap berlaku, namun ia tidak sepatutnya menggugat kesatuan akidah di antara kalangan umat Islam. Objektif kajian ialah menilai metode akidah al-Qaradawi terhadap sifat khabariyyah, di antara metode ithbat yang dipegangi oleh aliran Salafiyyah, dan ta’wil serta tafwid yang didukungi oleh aliran Khalaf. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, iaitu analisis terhadap bahan dokumentasi seperti majalah, buku, jurnal, laporan bertulis dan laman web. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa al-Qaradawi berpegang dengan metode ithbat dan ta’wil dalam isu sifat khabariyyah, dan juga mengakui bahawa metode akidah Salaf ialah berpegang dengan semua metode ithbat, ta’wil dan tafwid. Al-Qaradawi berpendapat bahawa ketiga-tiga metode akidah tersebut yang diwakili oleh Salafiyyah dan Khalaf pada hari ini adalah semuanya termasuk dalam aliran Ahli Sunnah wal Jamaah. Justeru itu al-Qaradawi sangat menekankan keperluan kesatuan ummah di antara umat Islam dan menolak sikap fanatik yang melampau kerana ketiga-tiga metode tersebut masih lagi tergolong dalam aliran Ahli Sunnah wal Jamaah. Kajian ini diharap dapat meredakan pertikaian metode akidah antara metode ithbat, ta’wil dan tafwid ini melalui pemikiran sederhana al-Qaradawi sebagaimana anjuran Islam.