Manhaj Imam Ash‘ari Dalam Berinteraksi Dengan Sifat Khabariyyah Menerusi Kitab Al-Ibanah
The Methodology of Imam Ash‘ari in Engaging with Sifat Khabariyyah Through the Book al-Ibanah
Keywords:
Sifat Khabariyyah, al-Ithbat bi La Kayfiyyah, Tafwid al-Ma‘na, Tafwid al-KayfiyyahAbstract
Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari (Imam Ash‘ari) produced various works that discuss the authentic manhaj (methodology) of engaging with Sifat Khabariyyah. He adopted two distinct approaches through different writings: the Ithbat and Tafwid. Among the challenges that arose were the differing views of later scholars regarding Imam Ash‘ari’s final manhaj. This led proponents of sect Ithbat to question the sect of Tafwid and vice versa. Unlike the phenomenon of ikhtilaf, this study seeks to identify the manhaj (methodology) adopted by Imam Ash‘ari in his work, al-Ibanah, by referencing three distinct text versions. This research aims to ascertain the concepts and principles of Ithbat that Imam Ash'ari affirmed in al-Ibanah. The study employs a qualitative approach, applying library research techniques, including data collection and analysis. The findings indicate that in al-Ibanah, Imam Ash‘ari adopted the manhaj al-Ithbat bi-la Kayfiyyah, affirming attributes like istiwa’, nuzul, wajh, yad, ‘ayn, and curb, while negating al-hudud, such as corporeality, physical composition, spatial location, movement or displacement, sitting, and other similar traits. These findings can serve as a foundation for reconciling the sects of Ithbat and Tafwid, thereby strengthening the Muslim community's comprehension of the categorisation of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah scholars into three groups: Ahl al-Hadith, Ash‘ariyyah, and Maturidiyyah.
Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari (Imam Ash‘ari) telah menghasilkan pelbagai karya yang membincangkan tentang manhaj yang sahih dalam berinteraksi dengan Sifat Khabariyyah. Menerusi karya-karya yang berlainan, beliau telah menerima pakai dua aliran yang berbeza iaitu aliran Ithbat dan aliran Tafwid. Antara permasalahan yang timbul ialah para ulama terkemudian telah berbeza pendapat ketika membincangkan tentang manhaj terakhir Imam Ash‘ari. Ini menyebabkan para pendukung aliran Ithbat dalam kalangan Hanabilah telah mempertikaikan aliran Tafwid yang didukungi oleh Asha’irah dan demikian juga sebaliknya. Berbeza daripada fenomena percanggahan pendapat sedemikian, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti manhaj yang telah diterima pakai oleh Imam Ash‘ari menerusi penulisan kitab al-Ibanah dengan merujuk kepada tiga versi yang berbeza. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti konsep dan prinsip Ithbat yang telah diberi perakuan oleh Imam Ash‘ari menerusi kitab al-Ibanah. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan metode kualitatif menerusi kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dan metode analisis data. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa menerusi penulisan kitab al-Ibanah, Imam Ash‘ari telah menerima pakai manhaj al-Ithbat bi-la Kayfiyyah, di mana beliau telah mengisbatkan sifat istiwa’, nuzul, wajh, yad, ‘ayn dan qurb beserta dengan menafikan sifat al-huduth (sifat-sifat baharu) seperti berjisim, beranggota, bertempat, bergerak atau berpindah tempat, duduk dan sebagainya. Dapatan kajian ini boleh dijadikan asas pengharmonian antara aliran Ithbat dan aliran Tafwid, sekali gus boleh memperbetulkan kefahaman masyarakat Islam terhadap pengertian aliran Ithbat dalam berinteraksi dengan Sifat Khabariyyah menurut penjelasan Imam Ash’ari menerusi kitab al-Ibanah.
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