Faktor-Faktor Penglibatan Amerika Syarikat di Iraq dan Afghanistan: Analisis Ucapan Dasar Muktamar PAS 2003-2012
Keywords:
Imperialisme, Kepentingan Israel, Petroleum, Memerangi Pengganas, Polisi Luar, Imperialism, Israel’s Interests, War on Terror, Foreign PolicyAbstract
Amerika Syarikat merupakan sebuah negara kuasa besar dunia dalam pelbagai aspek meliputi ekonomi, ketenteraan dan lain-lain. Keupayaan yang dimiliki menyebabkan negara ini cenderung untuk terlibat dalam geopolitik di beberapa negara di dunia. Iraq dan Afghanistan antara negara yang menyaksikan penglibatan Amerika Syarikat secara langsung dalam geopolitik negaranya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor penglibatan Amerika Syarikat dalam geopolitik Iraq dan Afghanistan pasca peristiwa pengeboman 11 September 2001. Faktor-faktor ini akan dikenalpasti dan dianalisis berdasarkan Ucapan Dasar Muktamar Tahunan Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) dari tahun 2003 sehingga tahun 2012. Terdapat dua kaedah utama bagi kajian ini iaitu kaedah pengumpulan data dan anasis data. Bagi kaedah pengumpulan data, pengkaji menggunakan kaedah dokumentasi bagi mendapatkan bahan, maklumat dan data yang berkaitan. Manakala bagi analisis data, pengkaji menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Kesimpulannya, dapatan kajian mengesahkan faktor-faktor penglibatan Amerika Syarikat di Iraq dan Afghanistan berdasarkan Ucapan Dasar Muktamar Tahunan PAS tahun 2003-2012 adalah signifikan dengan kajian-kajian yang dilakukan sarjana-sarjana lain dan berdasarkan data-data yang dikemukakan. Faktor-faktor tersebut merangkumi dua faktor utama iaitu imperialisme dan polisi luar. Bagi polisi luar, terdapat tiga faktor iaitu kepentingan Israel, sumber minyak dan memerangi pengganas.
Kata Kunci: Imperialisme; Kepentingan Israel; Petroleum; Memerangi Pengganas; Polisi Luar;
In many aspects, including economy, military and more, the United States is a world power. Its skills tend to become entangled in geopolitics in several places worldwide. Iraq and Afghanistan are the two countries where the US has been
directly involved in geopolitics. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, this article intended to discuss the elements that influenced US participation in the geopolitics of Iraq and Afghanistan. From 2003 to 2012, the determinants will be examined based on keynote speeches given at the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Annual assembly. Data collection and data analysis are the two main methods that were used. In this study, documentation approaches were used to obtain any relevant data. The content analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The conclusions of the study, based on the PAS Annual General Conference Policy Speech 2003- 2012, prove the determinants of United States involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan are noteworthy compared to studies conducted by other scholars and based on data supplied by the researchers. Imperialism and foreign policy are two most important aspects. There are three variables that influence Israeli foreign policy which are: Israeli interests, oil resources and the war against terrorism.
Keywords: Imperialism; Israel’s Interests; Petroleum; War on Terror; Foreign Policy
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