Perkembangan Tasawuf dan Tarekat di Negeri Kelantan

The Development of Sufism and Orders in Kelantan

Authors

  • Abdul Ghani Muhamad Human Development, Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, ‎University Malaysia Kelantan. Locked Bag o1. 16300. Malaysia
  • Nik Yusri Musa Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, University Malaysia ‎Kelantan. Locked Bag o1. 16300. Malaysia.

Keywords:

Tasawuf, Tarekat, Pusat, Tokoh, Syeikh

Abstract

Sufism is one of the disciplines within the Islamic scholarly civilisation. Sufism is a teaching that finds its foundation in both theory and practice. Theoretically, the formulation originates from the verses of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In contrast, from a practical aspect, it is based on verses and hadith that encourage remembrance of Allah, the Creator and Administrator of the entire universe. Islamic scholars rooted this discipline during the golden age of material civilisation in the Islamic world. These scholars urged Muslims to remain focused on Allah SWT, the Giver of blessings (Mun'im), rather than becoming distracted by their blessings. From this foundation, they based their call on the lives of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his companions, the tabi'in, and the atba' al-tabi'in. The Islamic world has witnessed a winding and varied development period for the discipline of Sufism, which has also impacted Nusantara, generally, and Kelantan, specifically. The objective of this study is to identify the development of Sufism and tariqat in the state of Kelantan, including its history, figures, understanding, types of tariqat, and the books used as references in the teaching of Sufism and tariqat. The research methodology was based on a qualitative approach using a bibliography, review, and analysis of documents related to the discipline of Sufism. The study results found that Sufism prevalent in Kelantan is Sunni Sufism, first introduced in the 14th century AD and spread widely in the 18th to 20th centuries AD. Currently, the rapid decline in its development coincides with the passing of the shaykhs, or teachers of the hut schools.

Tasawuf adalah salah satu disiplin ilmu dalam peradaban keilmuan Islam. Ia juga salah satu ilmu yang berteraskan teori dan amali. Dari aspek teori ia merupakan rumusan daripada ayat-ayat al-Quran dan juga sunnah Rasulullah SAW, manakala dari aspek amali pula ia berasaskan kepada ayat dan hadith yang menggalakan berzikir mengingati Allah sebagai al-Khaliq dan Pentadbir seluruh alam. Disiplin ilmu ini berakar umbi daripada seruan para ulama Islam pada zaman kegemilangan tamadun kebendaan dalam dunia Islam. Para ulama tersebut menyeru umat Islam agar usah terleka dengan segala ni’mat kehidupan yang dimiliki sehingga lupa kepada pemberi nikmat (mun’im) iaitu Allah SWT. Bertolak dari asas tersebut maka kehidupan Rasulullah SAW, para sahabat, tabiin dan tabi tabiin dijadikan asas seruan mereka. Disiplin ilmu tasawuf melalui period perkembangan yang berliku dan beragam dalam dunia Islam yang mana tempiasnya juga dirasai di nusantara umumnya dan di Kelantan khususnya. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti perkembangan tasawuf dan tarekat di negeri Kelantan tentang sejarah perkembangannya, tokoh-tokohnya, kefahamannya, jenis-jenis tarekat, kitab-kitab yang dijadikan rujukan dalam pengajaran tasawuf dan tarekat. Metodologi kajian ini adalah berasaskan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah bibliografi, tinjauan dan analisis dokumen berkaitan disiplin ilmu tasawuf. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa amalan tasawuf yang tersebar di Kelantan ialah tasawuf Sunni, ia mula diperkenalkan pada abad ke-14 Masihi dan tersebar luas pada abad ke-18 hingga abad ke-20 Masihi. Kini perkembangannya mula menyusut dengan cepat selepas kematian guru-guru sekolah pondok yang digelar sebagai syeikh.

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Published

2024-11-30

How to Cite

Muhamad, A. G., & Musa, N. Y. (2024). Perkembangan Tasawuf dan Tarekat di Negeri Kelantan: The Development of Sufism and Orders in Kelantan. RABBANICA - Journal of Revealed Knowledge, 5(2), 283-303. Retrieved from http://ejournals.kias.edu.my/index.php/rabbanica/article/view/345