Qiraat ‘Ashr dan Penetapan Konsep Nasakh dan Mansukh

Qiraat 'Ashr and The Determination of The Concepts of Nasakh and Mansuh

Abstract

The concept of nasakh and mansukh is accepted by most scholars as one of the concepts in the interpretation of the Quran. However, some scholars deny the practice of this concept in interpreting the Quran. Verse 106 of Surah al-Baqarah is among the arguments used by most scholars in setting this concept. However, this sentence contains qiraat differences that can influence interpretation. Therefore, this article aims to unravel and reveal the influence of Qiraat 'Ashr in setting the concept of nasakh and mansukh and evaluate whether Qiraat 'Ashr can support the majority of scholars. The study was conducted based on a qualitative study approach. The primary data are obtained from the books of tafsir, qiraat and tawjih besides journals and theses concerned. It is analyzed through the istinbat and tarjih methods. The study results found that the difference in Qiraat 'Ashr in verse 106 of surah al-Baqarah is very influential in setting the concept of abrogation and mansukh while supporting the majority of scholars. It also reveals another aspect of the concept of nasakh and mansukh, which is to forget the verses of the Qur'an that have been revealed. In addition, it also features an element of affirmation in refuting any disobedience to the concepts of nasakh and mansukh. This study concludes that the difference between qiraat and its role in interpreting the Quran is indeed an exciting field to study because it can resolve the turmoil of understanding the Quranic texts or at least increase confidence in believing the Quranic texts base.

Konsep nasakh dan mansukh diterima oleh majoriti ulama sebagai salah satu konsep dalam pentafsiran al-Quran. Namun, terdapat juga segelintir ulama yang menafikan pengamalan konsep ini dalam pentafsiran al-Quran. Ayat 106 daripada surah al-Baqarah adalah antara hujah yang digunakan oleh majoriti ulama dalam menetapkan konsep ini. Ayat ini mengandungi perbezaan qiraat yang boleh mempengaruhi pentafsiran. Maka, tulisan ini bertujuan merungkai dan memberi pendedahan tentang pengaruh Qiraat ‘Ashr dalam penetapan konsep nasakh dan mansukh di samping membuat penilaian adakah Qiraat ‘Ashr mampu memberi sokongan kepada pegangan majoriti ulama. Kajian ini dijalankan berasaskan pendekatan kajian kualitatif. Data-data utama diperoleh daripada kitab-kitab tafsir, qiraat dan tawjih serta jurnal dan tesis yang berkenaan. Ia dianalisis dengan kaedah istinbat dan tarjih. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan Qiraat ‘Ashr dalam ayat 106 surah al-Baqarah amat berpengaruh dalam penetapan konsep nasakh dan mansukh sekaligus menyokong pegangan majoriti ulama. Bahkan, ia juga turut mendedahkan aspek lain daripada konsep nasakh dan mansukh iaitu melupakan ayat-ayat al-Quran yang pernah diturunkan. Di samping itu, ia juga menampilkan unsur penegasan dalam menyanggah sebarang keingkaran terhadap konsep nasakh dan mansukh. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa perbezaan qiraat dan peranannya kepada pentafsiran al-Quran memang suatu bidang yang amat menarik untuk dikaji kerana ia boleh menyelesaikan kemelut kefahaman terhadap nas-nas al-Quran atau setidaknya menambah keyakinan terhadap suatu pegangan yang berlandaskan nas-nas al-Quran.